Scenario
You want to install Exchange 2010 on a Win2008 R2 server.
Here’s how:
Solution
- First, read the Exchange 2010 Prerequisites.
 - Under the Install the Windows Server 2008 R2 operating system prerequisites section, note the following:
- On servers that will host the Hub Transport or Mailbox server role, install the Microsoft Filter Pack. For Exchange 2010 RTM, see 2007 Office System Converter: Microsoft Filter Pack. For Exchange 2010 SP1, see Microsoft Office 2010 Filter Packs. For more information about registering the Filter Pack, see Register Filter Pack IFilters with Exchange 2010.
 - On the Start menu, navigate to All Programs > Accessories > Windows PowerShell. Open an elevated Windows PowerShell console, and run the following command:
Import-Module ServerManager - Set the Net.Tcp Port Sharing Service to automatic:
Set-Service NetTcpPortSharing -StartupType Automatic - Use the Add-WindowsFeature cmdlet to install the necessary operating system components:
 - This example is for a server that will have the typical installation of the Client Access, Hub Transport, and Mailbox server roles:
Add-WindowsFeature NET-Framework,RSAT-ADDS,Web-Server,Web-Basic-Auth,Web-Windows-Auth,Web-Metabase,Web-Net-Ext,Web-Lgcy-Mgmt-Console,WAS-Process-Model,RSAT-Web-Server,Web-ISAPI-Ext,Web-Digest-Auth,Web-Dyn-Compression,NET-HTTP-Activation,Web-Asp-Net,Web-Client-Auth,Web-Dir-Browsing,Web-Http-Errors,Web-Http-Logging,Web-Http-Redirect,Web-Http-Tracing,Web-ISAPI-Filter,Web-Request-Monitor,Web-Static-Content,Web-WMI,RPC-Over-HTTP-Proxy -Restart 
 - After the server has restarted, insert/mount your Exchange 2010 media and run the setup.
 - Click Step 3 > Install only languages from the DVD:

 - Click Step 4: Install Microsoft Exchange to start the installation:

 - Read the introduction and click Next:

 -  Accept the terms, click Next:

 -  Umm, NO!:

 -  Choose the roles you wish to install, click Next:

 - Enter your external FQDN of your mail server, if the server is internet-facing:

 - No thanks Steve!

 - Once the Readiness Checks have completed, click Install:

 - Once the installation is complete, click Finish:

 - Install the most recent Service Packs and Update Rollups. Currently that’s Service Pack 2 and Update Rollup 3 for SP2. To run unattended use: Setup.com /M:Upgrade /InstallWindowsComponents
 - Restart the server for good measure, then open the Exchange Management Console (EMC).
 - On the Post-Installation Tasks Tab, click Finalize Deployment Tasks:

This will open a webpage full of useful information. - Navigate to Server Configuration, select your server, then click Enter Product Key… from the Actions Pane on the right:

 - Type in your Product Key then click Enter:

 - Note the warning that you need to restart the Information Store service. Click Finish:

 
